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THE  COUNTRY  CHURCH 


Volume  3 


01 


v.  3 


Federal  council  of  the  churches  of  Christ  in 
America,  What  every  church  should  know  about 
its  community. 

General  Association  of  Congregational  Churches 
of  Massachusetts,  Advance  reports  of  various 
committees,  1908  and  1909 

McElfresh,  P.  The  country  Sunday  school 

McTTutt,  M.  B«  Modern  methods  in  the  country  church 

McUutt ,  M,  B.  A  post-graduate  school  with  a  purpose 

Massachusetts  Federation  of  Churches,  Quarterly 
"bulletin.  Facts  and  factors.  October  1910 
"The  part  of  the  church  in  rural  progress  as 
discussed  at  the  Amherst  Conference »w 

Root,  E,  T.  State  federations 

Taft,  A,  B,  The  mistress  of  the  rural  manse 

Taf t ,  A.  B,  The  tent  mission 

Taylor,  G.  Basis  for  social  evangelism  with  rural 
applications 

Wells,  G,  F.  An  answer  to  the  New  England  country 
church  question, 

Wells,  G.  F.  What  our  country  churches  need 

Wilson,  W,  H.  The  church  and  the  transient 

Wilson,  W.  H.  Conservation  of  boys 

Wilson,  W.  H.  The  country  church 

Wilson,  W,  H.  The  country  church  program 

Wilson,  W,  H.  Don't  breathe  on  the  thermometer 

Wilson,  W.  H.  The  farmers'  church  and  the  farmers' 
52  college 

co  Wilson,  W.  IT,  Getting  the  worker  to  church 

w 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2011  with  funding  from 

Boston  Library  Consortium  Member  Libraries 


http://www.archive.org/details/whateverychurchs03fede 


Wilson,  W-  H.  The  girl  on  the  farm 

Wilson,  W.  H.  How  to  manage  a  country  life 
institute 

Wilson,  W.  II*  "Marrying  the  land." 

Wilson,  W.  H.  tfo  need  to  "be  poor  in  the  country 

Wilson,  W«  H.  Synod's  opportunity 

Wilson,  W.  H.  What  limits  the  rural  Evangel 


The  church,,  and  country  life.  Pamphlet  issued 
by  the  Board  of  Home  Missions  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church. 


VVhat    Every    Church    Should 
Cnow   About    Its   Community 

WHETHER    THAT    CHURCH    IS    LOCATED     IN 

A  CITY,  A  TOWN,  A  VILLAGE,  A  SUBURB 

OR    IN    THE    OPEN    COUNTRY 


PREPARED  FOR  THE 

Commission  on  the  Church  and  Social  Service 

OP  THE 

Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America 


ISSUED   BY 

ederal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America 
612  UNITED  CHARITIES  BUILDING 

105     EAST    22D    STREET 
NEW  YORK  CITY 


EXPLANATORY 


WHY 

Every  church  should  have  a  constructive  program 
for  serving  the  social  needs  of  its  community,  both  in- 
dividually and  through  the  largest  possible  co-oper- 
ation with  other  agencies  for  social  uplift.  This  pro- 
gram should  have  as  its  objective  the  permeation  of 
the  community  with  the  Christian  spirit  and  the  rais- 
ing of  the  community  life  to  the  Christian  standards. 
This  community  policy  should  become  a  permanent 
part  of  the  life  and  activity  of  the  church.  But  the 
program  itself  should  be  revised  and  enlarged  as  the 
community  advances  and  new  needs  appear. 

To  formulate  such  a  program  each  church  must 
know  the  outstanding  social  needs  of  its  community. 
It  must  from  time  to  time  review  this  group  of  facts 
in  order  to  measure  the  progress  of  the  community, 
and  to  estimate  its  own  success  in  putting  religion 
into  the  community  life. 

For  this  purpose  this  study  is  prepared.  It  merely 
seeks  the  absolute  minimum  of  facts  necessary  in 
order  to  draft  the  broad  outlines  of  the  church's 
program.  It  will  merely  show  the  extent  to  which 
community  conditions  fall  below  the  standards  of 
the  "Social  Creed  of  the  Churches,"  that  is,  the 
social  deficit  which  calls  for  immediate  action.  Some 
obvious  needs  revealed  by  it  must  be  immedi- 
ately met.  Others  will  require  a  more  detailed 
program  which  will  necessitate  a  more  extensive 
study  of  conditions.  Guidance  for  this  can  be  ob- 
tained from  denominational  social  service  offices  or 
from  the  office  of  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches 
of  Christ  in  America. 


HOW  TO  DO  IT 

To  discover  the  facts  called  for  by  this  study,  a 
few  selected  persons  should  be  gathered  together. 
Some  parts  of  the  inquiry  will  need  to  be  eliminated 
as  irrelevant  in  certain  communities,  suburban  and 
rural.  A  section  of  the  study  should  be  assigned 
to  each  individual,  except  that  in  the  open  country 
church  the  preacher  had  better  himself  do  all  the 
work  that  involves  the  responsibility  of  individuals 
3 


for  community  conditions.  The  questions  should 
never  be  answered  by  mere  opinions.  They  call  for 
facts,  or  judgments  based  on  facts  which  are  to  be 
personally  observed.  Where  the  information  is  ob- 
tainable from  public  officials  it  should  also  be  verified 
by  personal  observation,  In  planning  this  study,  call 
into  council  any  local  trained  social  service  workers; 
they  will  be  able  to  offer  valuable  suggestions. 

When  the  inquiry  is  finished  the  group  should  be 
gathered  together  to  study  the  total  results.  They 
should  determine  the  need  that  calls  most  urgently 
for  immediate  action  and  then  agree  upon  a  plan 
to  meet  that  need. 

USING    RESULTS 

In  developing  a  program  to  meet  the  needs  out- 
lined by  the  results  of  this  study,  the  churches  should 
use  their  existing  organizations,  assigning  to  each 
that  sphere  of  work  in  which  they  are  naturally  in- 
terested. Church  federations  or  federated  groups  of 
church  men  would  be  used  to  develop  the  program 
called  for  by  these  results.  All  other  local  agencies 
interested  in  social  service  work  should  also  be  called 
into  consultation  in  developing  a  program. 

The  results  of  the  whole  study  should  be  charted 
whenever  possible.  Suggestions  regarding  charts 
follow  each  section.  These  charts  may  be  placed  on 
exhibition  for  several  days  prior  to  a  public  meeting 
called  to  present  the  conclusions  of  the  committee. 
In  small  towns  there  should  be  a  community  meeting. 
First  the  broad  results  of  the  inquiry  should  be  pre- 
sented, and  the  general  policy  demanded  by  them  set 
forth  in  outline.  Then  attention  should  be  focussed 
on  that  particular  need  which  the  committee  has 
selected  for  immediate  action. 

The  motto  should  be :  "Take  one,  thing  at  a  time 
and  concentrate  on  it  until  results  are  secured." 


THE  INQUIRY 


BOUNDING    THE    COMMUNITY 

The  church  or  churches  making  this  study  must 
first  determine  what  is  their  community.  In  a  small 
town,  village  or  suburb  the  boundaries  are  naturally 
determined  by  governmental  limits.  In  the  city  a 
group  of  churches  may  determine  their  community 
by  ward  lines.  A  single  church  in  the  city  and  a 
church  in  the  open  country  may  bound  its  community 
by  the  limits  of  its  ministration. 


I. —POPULATION 

The  program  of  a  church  must  change  with  the 
changes  in  population.  Therefore,  every  church  must 
know  whether  the  population  is  increasing  so  as  to 
demand  additional  church  work,  or  decreasing  so 
as  to  demand  the  removal  of  a  church,  or  whether 
it  is  so  changing  in  character  as  to  necessitate  a 
different  type  of  church  work. 

The  population  facts  here  required  can  of  course 
be  obtained  from  census  reports,  federal  and  local. 
The  second  part  of  question  three  will  be  answered 
by  observing  the  nationality  of  leading  business  men, 
office  holders  and  politicians. 

1.  Total  population. 

2.  Population  by  nationalities. 

3.  What  nationality  is  becoming  dominant? 

(a)  In  numbers. 

(b)  In  influence. 

4.  Is  the  population  increasing  or  decreasing,  and 

why? 

Suggested  Charts: 

1.  Showing  proportion  of  nationalities. 

2.  Showing  increase  or  decrease  of  population  in 

last  decade. 


II.— CHURCH    LIFE 

No  church  can  develop  an  adequate  community 
program  without  co-operation  with  other  churches 
It  must,  therefore,  see  itself  in  relation  to  the  total 
religious  life  of  the  community. 

The  facts  here  required  are  to  be  obtained,  of 
course,  from  the  custodians  of  church  records  and 
their  value  estimated  by  personal  observation  of  at- 
tendance at  various  gatherings. 

1.  How  many  churches? 

2.  Are  they  federated? 

3.  Total  number  church  membership  in  community. 

4.  Total  Sunday  School  enrollment. 

5.  Total  enrollment  in  church  young  peoples'  socie- 

ties. 

6.  Total  attendance  on  churches. 

(a)  Morning. 

(b)  Evening. 

7.  Is  there  a  ministers'  association? 

8.  What  part  does  it  take  in  improving  social  con- 

ditions ? 

9.  Is  there  a  Y.  M.  C  A.?    A  Y.  W.  C.  A.? 

10.  What  are  they  doing  to  improve  social  condi- 

tions ? 

11.  What   statements   are  there   made   relating   to 

the  other  churches? 

Suggested  Charts: 

1.  Showing  ratio  of  churches  to  population. 

2.  Showing  ratio  of  church  membership  and  Sun- 

day School  enrollment  to  population. 

3.  Showing  ratio  of  church  attendance  to  popula- 
,  tion  and  to  church  membership. 

111.— EDUCATION 

The  Federal  Council  stands  for  "the  fullest  pos- 
sible development  for  every  child,  especially  by  the 
provision  of  proper  education  and  recreation."  There- 
fore, the  churches  must  know  whether  the  educational 
equipment  of  their  community  meets  this  standard. 
This  knowledge  will  indicate  what  facilities  for  pop- 
ular education  ought  to  be  provided  by  the  church 
and  what  improvements  in  public  education  ought  to 
be  demanded  by  the  church  group. 
6 


The  facts  required  can  be  secured  from  the  educa- 
tional authorities,  but  should  be  verified  by  close 
personal  observation  of  the  workings  of  the  local 
educational  system. 

1.  Population  of  school  age. 

(a)  Number  in  school. 

(b)  Why  is  the  balance  not  in  school? 

2.  Is  there  medical  inspection  of  school  children? 

To  what  extent? 

3.  Are  there  manual  training  and  domestic  science  ? 

In  what  grades? 

4.  Is    there    vocational    guidance?      Continuation 

schools?    To  what  extent? 

5.  What  facilities  are  there  for  popular  education? 

(a)  Libraries. 

(b)  University  extension  courses. 

(c)  Social  centers. 

(d)  Lecture  courses 

(e)  Reading  circles. 

Suggested  Charts: 

1.  Showing  proportion  of  children  out  of  school 

to  population  of  school  age. 

2.  Showing  proportion  of  people  reached  by  facil- 

ities for  popular  education  to  entire  popu- 
lation above  school  age. 

IV—  RECREATION 

The  Federal  Council  has  the  same  standard  for 
the  provision  of  recreation  as  for  education.  This 
is  because  of  the  demonstrated  relation  of  im- 
proper recreation  and  the  lack  of  organized  recreation 
to  delinquency,  and  because  also  of  the  demonstrated 
power  of  proper  recreation  as  a  constructive  moral 
[force  in  the  community  life.  Therefore  must  the 
:hurches  know  the  recreation  facilities  and  the  recrea* 
:ion  deficit  of  their  community.  This  may  demand 
the  organization  of  recreation  by  the  church;  it  will 
:ertainly  require  the  formulation  of  a  community 
urogram  of  recreation. 

The  facts  required  must  be  secured  by  personal 
observation  of  the  workings  of  the  agencies  referred 
o. 

7 


L    What  organized  recreation  is  provided? 

(a)  Playgrounds. 

(b)  School  athletics. 

(c)  By  religious  agencies. 

(d)  Boys'  and  girls'  clubs. 

(e)  By  athletic,  social,  or  recreational  clubs. 

2.  What    amusements    are    operated    for    private 

profit,  and  how  are  they  regulated? 

3.  Which   of   these  privately  owned   amusements 

are  vicious,  and  in  what  respects? 

4.  What  provision  is  there  for  the  social  life  of 

young  people  living  in  furnished  rooms? 

Suggested  Charts : 

1.  Showing  population  capacity  of  recreation  pro- J 

vided. 

(a)  By  community. 

(b)  By  religious  agencies. 
.(c)     By  private  organizations. 

2.  List  the  institutions  and  agencies  of  the  com- 

munity affecting  the  social  life  of  childhood 
and  youth  in  three  parallel  columns  headed 
"healthful,  harmful,  doubtful." 

V— HEALTH 

The  churches  stand  for  the  conservation  of  health 
because  of  its  religious  values ;  because  the  body 
should  be  the  temple  of  God;  because  to  save  life 
by  the  prevention  of  disease  is  just  as  religious  a 
duty  as  to  minister  to  the  sick.  Hence  the  churches 
must  know  the  facts  about  the  disease  and  death 
rate  of  the  community  and  its  causes.  They  can 
then  carry  out  their  religious  ideals  by  co-operating 
with  the  local  health  officers,  and  by  rousing  the 
community  to  a  more  adequate  protection  of  health. 

The  facts  required  can  be  secured  from  local 
health  officers,  but  should  be  compared  with  the 
statements  of  physicians  interested  in  public  health. 

1.  (a)     Death  rate? 

(b)     Infant  mortality? 

2.  (a)     How  many  health  officers? 
(b)     Their  functions? 

3.  What  is  the  annual  budget  of  the  Health  De- 

partment ? 

8 


4.  Does  the  Health  Department  control  contagious 

diseases  ?    How  ? 
(a)     Does  it  educate  the  community  in  meas- 
ures of  prevention?     How? 

5.  In  what  wa}'s  do  the  churches  co-operate  with 

the  Health  Department? 

6.  What   community  provision   is   made   for   the 

care  of  the  sick? 

(a)  Hospitals. 

(b)  Dispensaries. 

(c)  Visiting  nurses. 

(d)  Do  the  churches  share  in  or  co-operate 
with  this  provision  for  the  care  of  the  sick? 

7.  What  provision  is  made  for  the  further  care 

of  convalescents  discharged  from  hospitals  ? 

8.  What  occupational  diseases  exist  in  your  com- 

munity?    What  measures   are  taken   for 
their  prevention? 

Suggested  Charts: 

1.  Showing   death   rate   from  various   groups   of 

diseases:  contagious,  bad  air,  infant,  etc. 

2.  Showing  in  what  section  death  rate  from  these 

diseases  is  greatest. 

3.  Showing  what  proportion  of  infants  die  before 

one  year ;  before  five  years  of  age. 

4.  Showing   per   capita    expenditures    for    health 

compared  with  expenditures  for  protection 
from  fire,  for  police,  education,  etc. 

VI.— HOUSING 

The  Federal  Council  stands  for  the  protection 
of  the  family  by  the  provision  of  proper  housing 
because  of  the  relation  of  housing  to  health  and 
morals;  because  overcrowding  means  the  removal 
of  that  privacy  which  is  one  of  the  great  moral 
restraints.  Therefore,  the  churches  must  know  how 
the  people  are  housed  and  must  work  for  proper 
housing  conditions. 

The  facts  required  can  be  secured  from  local 
officials  responsible  for  sanitation,  from  local  citizens 
or  associations  interested  in  good  housing,  but  per- 
sonal observation  is  essential. 


1.  Any  slum  section  of  unsanitary  or  congested 

housing. 

(a)  What  are  the  sanitary  defects  in  the 
houses  and  surrounding  the  houses  in 
this  section? 

(b)  Greatest  number  of  people  per  room? 

(c)  Who  owns  these  houses? 

2.  What  laws  relating  to  such  conditions  ?    In  what 

respects  are  they  enforced  and  by  whom? 

3.  How  many  boarding  houses  or  furnished  room 

houses  ? 

4.  How  many  people  room  in  these  houses? 

(a)  Single. 

(b)  Married. 

Suggested  Charts: 

1.  Showing  density  of  population  in  most  crowded 

section  compared  with  other  sections. 

2.  Showing  number  of  people  in  most  crowded 

rooms  compared  with  number  in  average 
home. 

3.  Pictures  of  worst  homes. 


VII.— LABOR 

The  Federal  Council  stands  for  certain  industrial 
conditions.*  If  the  churches  are  to  get  these  realized 
in  their  community  they  must  be  constantly  informed 
concerning  the  community  deficit  in  this  field. 

The  figures  here  called  for  can  be  obtained  from 
heads  of  industrial  and  commercial  establishments, 
from  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  or  similar  body, 
from  the  State  Factory  Inspector,  and  from  officials 
of  labor  organizations.  They  should  be  verified 
by  conversation  with  wage  earners  and  personal 
observation  of  conditions. 

1.    In  what  ways  do  the  churches  show  their  in- 
terest in  organized  labor? 

*  See  the  Social  and  Industrial  Creed  of  the  Fed- 
eral Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America. 
10 


2.  Number  of  workers. 

(a)     Men.      (b)     Women,      (c)     Children; 

in  industrial  establishments. 
(a)     Men.      (b)     Women,      (c)     Children; 

in  mercantile  establishments. 

3.  Working  day. 

(a)  Industrial      establishments :      longest ; 
shortest;  average. 

(b)  Mercantile      establishments:      longest; 
shortest;  average. 

(c)  On     the     farm:     longest;     shortest; 
average. 

(d)  In    the    kitchen:    longest;     shortest; 
average. 

4.  How    much   night    work:    for    men;    women; 

children  ? 

5.  How  much  seven  day  work :  for  men ;  women ; 

children  ? 

6.  Wages :  highest ;  lowest ;  average  of  lowest  paid 

groups  ? 

(a)  In     industrial     establishments:     men; 
women ;    children. 

(b)  In    mercantile     establishments:     men; 
women ;    children. 

(c)  For  farm  work :  men ;  women ;  children. 

(d)  Are  wages  generally  paid  by  check? 

7.  What  laws  protect  the  health  and  safety  of  the 

workers?     In  what  respect  are  they  en- 
forced ? 

8.  What  proportion  of  workers  are  periodically 

unemployed  and  why? 

9.  What  provision  is  there  to  meet  periodic  un- 

employment ? 
10.    Number  of  Trade  Unions?     Their  total  mem- 
bership?   Are  they  federated?    Where  do 
they  meet? 

Suggested  Charts : 

1.  Proportion  of  those  working  more   than  ten 

hours   to   those   working   less;    same   for 
eight  hours;  same  for  seven  day  work. 

2.  Showing  minimum  living  standards  for  family 

of  five  and  proportion  of  male  wage  earn- 
ers getting  less  than  this  amount. 

3.  Same  for  single  women. 

11 


VIII.— IMMIGRANTS 

If  the  churches  are  to  develop  a  ministry  to  their 
foreign  neighbors  they  must  know  those  facts  which 
will  indicate  possible  points  of  contact.  If  they  are  to 
assist  in  the  assimilation  of  the  immigrant  into  the 
community  life  they  must  know  what  provisions  are 
being  made  by  the  community  for  this  purpose  and 
must  demand  that  adequate  provision  be  made. 

Some  of  the  facts  here  required  can  only  be  ob- 
tained from  immigrants  themselves  by  some  person 
who  has  business  or  friendship  relations  with  them. 

1.  Does  your  immigrant  population  reside  in  col- 

onies and  where  is  it  distributed? 

2.  Are  housing  and  living  conditions  in  immigrant 

sections  below  the  average  of  the  com- 
munity?   In  what  respects? 

3.  What   is   being   done   for  the   immigrants   by 

their  own  societies? 

4.  What  contact  is  there  between  the  community 

and  the  immigrant:  in  night  schools; 
social  centers;  in  school  buildings;  in 
churches  by: 

(a)  Religious  services. 

(b)  Classes  in  English. 

(c)  Classes  in  citizenship. 

Suggested  Charts : 

1.  Showing   proportion   of   immigrant   population 

to  Protestant  church  membership. 

2.  Showing  Protestant  church  provision  for  im- 

migrant groups. 

3.  Showing  intellectual  and  social  points  of  con- 

tact between  the  community  and  the  im- 
migrant and  their  relation  to  population 
needs. 

IX— CHARITIES 

The  churches  have  always  been  active  in  the  relief 
of  the  poor.  If  this  work  is  to  be  efficient  to-day 
every  church  must  know  the  facts  concerning  the 
general  relief  agencies  of  the  community,  public  and 
private,  and  must  relate  itself  to  a  general  community 
plan. 

12 


The  information  here  required  may  be  secured 
from  the  officers  of  the  various  agencies  and  insti- 
tutions referred  to. 

1.  What  voluntary  charitable  agencies  exist? 

2.  In  what  way  are  they  organized  for  co-operative 

work? 

3.  What  relief  work  is  done  by  churches?    What 

degree    of    co-operation    between    them? 
In    what    respects    do    the    private    charitable 
agencies  and  the  churches  co-operate? 

4.  What  is  the  city,  county  or  state  provision  for 

the  relief  of  poverty  and  for  the  care  of 
defectives  and  dependents?  In  what  re- 
spects do  the  churches  co-operate  with 
these  institutions? 

5.  What  is   done  with   an   unemployed   homeless 

person? 

Suggested  Charts: 

1.  Comparing   amount   of    relief   work    done   by 

churches  to  that  done  by  private  agencies; 
by  public  institutions. 

2.  Showing  relief  agencies  of  all  kinds  and  their 

inter-relations. 


X.— DELINQUENCY 

If  the  churches  are  to  adequately  seek  and  save 
the  lost  they  must  know  accurately  the  causes  of 
delinquency  and  vice  in  their  community  and  work 
unceasingly  for  their  removal. 

Facts  demanded  concerning  the  treatment  of  pris- 
oners must  not  be  taken  from  statements  of  officials 
alone,  but  must  be  secured  by  personal  visitation. 

1.  (a)     Any  juvenile  court? 

(b)  Probation  officers? 

(c)  Separate  confinement  of  juvenile  prisoners 
before  and  after  sentence? 

2.  What  provisions  are  made  for  the  release  of 

adult  prisoners  on  probation? 

3.  What  are  the  conditions  of  cleanliness,  health, 

and     crowding     in     jail,     police     station, 
lock-up? 

13 


4.  How  are  the  prisoners  employed? 

5.  What  is  done  for  the  discharged  prisoners? 

Suggested  Charts: 

1.  Showing  photograph  of  interior  of  jail,  police 

station  or  lock-up. 

2.  Showing   how    prisoners    pass   their   time,   by 

hours. 

3.  Showing  proportion  of  probationers  reclaimed. 

XI— PUBLIC    MORALS 

The  church  cannot  stand  as  the  defender  of  public 
morals,  it  cannot  even  protect  the  moral  life  of  youth, 
unless  it  know  definitely  the  local  institutions  and 
agencies  that  destroy  morality.  Eternal  vigilance  is 
the  price  of  moral  safety  as  well  as  liberty. 

The  facts  here  required  are  to  be  secured  by  the 
personal  observation  of  mature  persons;  by  the  tes- 
timony of  police  officers  and  by  conversation  with 
persons  of  the  "underworld." 

1.  Who  is  legally  responsible  for  the  care  of  public 

morals  ? 

2.  Number  of  saloons. 

3.  Number  of  gambling  houses. 

4.  Number  of  houses  of  prostitution. 

5.  Is  there  a  "segregated  district?" 

6.  What  regulations  are  there  concerning  the  sale 

of  liquor ;  gambling ;  prostitution ;  and  how 
enforced? 

7.  What    regulation    is    there    of   picture    shows, 

theatres  and  public  dance  halls  in  their 
relation  to  public  morals  and  how  en- 
forced ? 

8.  What   regulation   is   there   regarding  the   sale 

of  "drugs?"    How  enforced? 

Suggested  Charts: 

1.  Compare  number  of  churches  with  saloons. 

2.  Compare  number  of  churches  with  houses  of 

prostitution. 

3.  Compare  attendance  on  churches  with  that  of 

picture  shows  and  theatres. 
14 


XII— CIVICS 

The  standards  of  the  churches  can  only  be  realized 
in  the  community  through  municipal  action.  Citizen- 
ship in  the  Kingdom  of  God  is  only  realized  as  the 
civic  life  of  the  community  is  organized  according 
to  the  will  of  God.  If  the  church  is  to  express  re- 
ligion in  civic  life  it  must  know  the  facts  of  local 
government. 

Questions  one  and  two  demand  a  brief  analysis 
of  the  form  of  local  government,  the  material  for 
which  can  be  secured  from  the  legal  department  or 
from  some  local  student  of  civic  conditions. 

1.  How  is  the  community  governed  ? 

2.  What  are  the  departments  of  its  government 

and  the  functions  of  their  heads? 

3.  Is   there  any  voluntary   organization   for   the 

specific  purpose  of  improving  local  gov- 
ernment, such  as  a  city  club  or  civic 
league  ? 

4.  What  points  of  contact  have  been  developed 

between  the  churches  and  the  governmental 
agencies  of  the  community? 

Suggested  Chart: 

A  list  of  the  various  officials  who  can  be  called 
upon  to  meet  certain  social  needs.  In  one  column 
a  statement  of  things  desired  for  community  improve- 
ment, in  the  other  the  name  and  title  of  the  official 
responsible. 


SUGGESTION  FOR  A  GENERAL  CHART 

A  general  chart  outlining  broadly  the  social  needs 
of  the  community  can  be  made  by  putting  in  one 
column  the  various  departments  of  social  service, 
in  another  column  the  agencies  at  work  in  that  com- 
munity, and  in  the  third  column  the  urgent  needs  that 
yet  remain  to  be  met.  The  local  church  or  churches 
can  then  be  concentrated  on  one  particular  need  which 
they  may  select.  Such  a  chart  (No.  1)  summarizing 
conditions  in  a  town  of  18,000  is  herewith  reproduced. 
No.  2  summarizes  conditions  in  a  village  of  500. 
No.  3  shows  the  conditions  in  that  village  affecting 
child  welfare,  both  adversely  and  beneficially. 
IS 


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